Trigger Finger Treatment: How Physiotherapy Supports Recovery

Trigger finger is a frustrating condition that can make simple hand movements painful and difficult. It occurs when the tendons in the fingers become inflamed, leading to stiffness, discomfort, and a locking sensation. Whether caused by repetitive strain, underlying medical conditions, or past injuries, trigger finger can impact daily activities and reduce hand function. In this blog, we will explore the common causes of trigger finger, how physiotherapy can help, and the most effective physiotherapy treatment options for restoring mobility and reducing pain associated with trigger finger.

Common Causes of Trigger Finger

Trigger finger develops when the tendon sheath in the affected finger becomes irritated or inflamed, making it difficult for the tendon to glide smoothly. Several factors can contribute to this condition:

Repetitive Hand Movements: Activities that involve frequent gripping, typing, or tool use can strain the tendons and lead to irritation.
Underlying Medical Conditions: Conditions such as diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, and gout increase the risk of tendon inflammation.
Age and Hormonal Changes: The likelihood of developing trigger finger increases with age, particularly in individuals over 40. Hormonal changes, such as those occurring during pregnancy, can also contribute.
Previous Hand Injuries: Trauma to the hand or repetitive strain injuries can make tendons more vulnerable to inflammation.
Genetic Factors: Some individuals may have a predisposition to tendon issues, making them more susceptible to trigger finger.

How Physiotherapy Helps With Trigger Finger

Physiotherapy plays a key role in managing trigger finger by addressing pain, improving mobility, and preventing long-term stiffness. The main benefits of physiotherapy include:

Pain and Inflammation Reduction: Gentle techniques help alleviate discomfort and promote blood flow to the affected area, speeding up healing.
Improved Finger Mobility: Stretching and movement-based therapy restore flexibility and reduce stiffness in the affected tendons.
Tendon Strengthening: Strength-building exercises target the muscles supporting the fingers, reducing strain on the tendons.
Prevention of Recurrence: A physiotherapist provides education on proper hand mechanics and ergonomic adjustments to minimize future flare-ups.
Avoidance of Surgery: Early intervention with physiotherapy can prevent the progression of trigger finger and reduce the need for invasive procedures.

Physiotherapy Treatments Used for Trigger Finger

Physiotherapy offers several non-invasive treatments to help relieve symptoms and restore function. These include:

Manual Therapy: Hands-on techniques help release tightness in the affected tendons and improve movement.
Stretching and Mobilization: Gentle stretches enhance flexibility and encourage normal tendon gliding.
Strengthening Exercises: Targeted exercises build strength in the surrounding muscles to reduce strain on the tendons.
Taping and Splinting: Supports the affected finger to limit excessive movement and allow healing.
Heat and Cold Therapy: Alternating heat and ice applications help reduce inflammation and relieve discomfort.

Can Physiotherapy Help Avoid the Need for Surgery?

Physiotherapy is often an effective way to manage trigger finger without the need for surgery. When addressed early, non-invasive treatments can significantly reduce pain and restore finger mobility. One of the key benefits of physiotherapy is its ability to prevent tendon thickening, which occurs when inflammation causes the tendon sheath to stiffen and restrict movement. By keeping the tendon flexible and mobile, physiotherapy helps maintain normal function and prevents the condition from worsening.

Beyond preventing stiffness, physiotherapy also improves overall hand functionality. Through carefully designed exercises and hands-on therapy techniques, a physiotherapist can help restore normal finger movement, making it easier to perform daily tasks without discomfort. Strengthening the surrounding muscles and improving flexibility allows the hand to function more efficiently, reducing strain on the tendons.

Another major advantage of physiotherapy is its ability to enhance the body's natural healing process. By promoting circulation, reducing inflammation, and encouraging tissue repair, physiotherapy supports recovery without the need for medical intervention. While some severe cases may still require surgery, physiotherapy serves as an essential first-line treatment that can prevent the condition from progressing to that stage.

Exercises to Help Improve Trigger Finger Symptoms

Performing targeted exercises can improve flexibility, strengthen the tendons, and prevent stiffness. Some of the most effective exercises include:

Finger Extension Stretch: Place your hand flat on a table and gently lift each finger one at a time, holding the position for a few seconds to improve mobility.
Tendon Gliding Exercise: Make a fist, then slowly extend your fingers one by one, ensuring a smooth motion to promote tendon flexibility.
Finger Spread Exercise: Place a rubber band around your fingers and slowly spread them apart to strengthen the muscles supporting the tendons.
Palm Press Stretch: Press your palms together and gently push them downwards to stretch the tendons and reduce tension.
Grip Strengthening Squeeze: Use a soft stress ball to gently squeeze and release, improving finger strength and coordination.

Can Physiotherapy Proactively Help Avoid Trigger Finger for Individuals at Risk?

For individuals at risk of developing trigger finger, physiotherapy serves as a proactive approach to preventing symptoms before they start. Those who regularly engage in repetitive hand movements, have underlying medical conditions, or have a history of hand injuries can benefit from targeted physiotherapy strategies designed to strengthen the fingers and improve flexibility.

A physiotherapist can assess a person’s movement patterns and identify any muscle imbalances that may contribute to tendon irritation. By developing a personalized exercise program, they can help improve hand strength and mobility while reducing unnecessary strain. Ergonomic training plays a crucial role in prevention by ensuring that individuals use proper hand positioning during daily activities such as typing, playing an instrument, or engaging in manual labour. Strengthening exercises for the hands and fingers provide additional support to the tendons, making them less prone to irritation and inflammation. Consistently engaging in stretching routines helps maintain tendon flexibility and prevents stiffness from developing over time. By integrating these proactive strategies, individuals can take control of their hand health and significantly reduce the likelihood of experiencing trigger finger.

How Many Physiotherapy Sessions Will It Take to See Results From Physiotherapy for Trigger Finger?

The number of physiotherapy sessions required varies based on the severity of symptoms, individual healing response, and consistency with home exercises. A general guideline is:

Mild Cases: 2–4 sessions over a few weeks, with noticeable improvement in mobility and pain reduction.
Moderate Cases: 4–6 sessions over a span of 4–6 weeks, combined with a structured home exercise program.
Severe Cases: 6–8+ sessions over several months, often in conjunction with splinting or medical treatment to manage inflammation.

In most cases, people experience gradual relief with each session, with significant improvements in pain levels and mobility by the fourth or fifth session. Compliance with prescribed exercises and activity modifications will play a major role in the speed of recovery.

Managing Trigger Finger Symptoms: Recommended Lifestyle Adjustments

Incorporating lifestyle adjustments can help manage trigger finger symptoms and prevent flare-ups. Small daily changes can make a big difference in reducing strain on the fingers and supporting tendon health:

Use Ergonomic Tools: Opt for tools and equipment with cushioned grips to minimize pressure on the fingers. Consider ergonomic keyboards and specialized work tools to reduce repetitive strain.
Take Regular Breaks: If your job or hobbies involve repetitive hand use, schedule breaks to stretch and rest your fingers, reducing excessive stress on the tendons.
Maintain Proper Hand Posture: Avoid keeping your fingers in a prolonged flexed position. Stretch your hands frequently to maintain flexibility.
Apply Heat and Cold Therapy: Using warm compresses can relax stiff tendons, while cold therapy can reduce inflammation and swelling.
Stay Hydrated and Maintain a Healthy Diet: Proper nutrition supports tissue healing and joint health. Foods rich in omega-3 fatty acids and antioxidants can help reduce inflammation.
Perform Daily Finger Exercises: Regularly engaging in gentle stretching and strengthening exercises can help maintain mobility and prevent stiffness.

By making these small but impactful adjustments, individuals can actively manage trigger finger symptoms, support recovery, and reduce the likelihood of future complications.

Can Trigger Finger Be Cured Permanently?

The long-term outlook for trigger finger depends on the severity of the condition and the chosen treatment approach. In mild to moderate cases, physiotherapy, combined with activity modifications and lifestyle changes, can lead to full recovery without recurrence.

For individuals with severe or recurring symptoms, medical interventions such as corticosteroid injections or, in rare cases, surgical release of the tendon sheath may be required. Surgery is generally considered a last resort but has a high success rate in providing permanent relief.

To prevent trigger finger from returning, individuals who recover should continue incorporating hand-strengthening exercises, proper ergonomics, and periodic physiotherapy check-ups when needed. While there is no guaranteed permanent cure, early intervention and ongoing maintenance can significantly reduce the risk of recurrence.

Pain is No Longer in Control

Trigger finger doesn’t have to interfere with your daily life. Physiotherapy at Maximum Potential Physiotherapy in Calgary NW offers a safe and effective approach to reducing pain, restoring mobility, and preventing future flare-ups. Book an appointment today and take the first step toward lasting relief and improved hand mobility!